16 He reached down from on high and took hold of me;
he drew me out of deep waters.
17 He rescued me from my powerful enemy,
from my foes, who were too strong for me.
18 They confronted me in the day of my disaster,
but the Lord was my support.
19 He brought me out into a spacious place;
he rescued me because he delighted in me.
20 The Lord has dealt with me according to my righteousness;
according to the cleanness of my hands he has rewarded me.
21 For I have kept the ways of the Lord;
I have not done evil by turning from my God.
22 All his laws are before me;
I have not turned away from his decrees.
23 I have been blameless before him
and have kept myself from sin.
24 The Lord has rewarded me according to my righteousness,
according to the cleanness of my hands in his sight.
According to the notes before this Psalm it was written after David had been delivered from Saul and his enemies. Since Psalm 51 and others are songs of confession, it is not that David is delusional about himself. But many of those are from later in his life when he had made some bad decisions, as well as having faced up to bad habits and the consequences to his family. At this point in his young life, however, anyone would have to admit that he had behaved exceptionally righteously, beyond expectation of how one would treat their enemy.
When Saul had repeatedly chased him, intent on killing him, he had crossed over into enemy lines, left a spear right by King Saul's sleeping body. When David returned to safety, he called to them, to point out that if he had had the desire to hurt the sovereign, he could have done so. David respected the Lord's anointed king, and would not hurt him to further his own career. Though Saul was jealous because the people sang of Saul killing his thousands and David his ten thousands, David had patience to wait for God's own timing. The prophet Samuel had long since anointed him saying God was replacing Saul with David, but David still faithfully served Saul and his family.
These and other stories of the kings of Israel, and of David are in I and II Samuel, I and II Chronicles and I and II Kings. (The various prophets also reveal some content of the historical periods. They are known as the large and small prophets for the size of the books- example Isaiah and Jeremiah are large and Malaki is small.) Though like the Koran, sometimes they repeat some of the tales, they are coherent stories of many chapters rather than merely a few verses. Anyway, he praises the Lord for his deliverances, because without them, he- a shepherd boy, would not have been raised to king. For us, these are like poetic verses describing the depths of the love we hope He would show us in desperate times. However, as many are the chapters that chronicle David's adventures out in the mountains and all over Israel, it is probable that he actually had storms that came and pushed his enemies back.
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